自学教程：C++ upd函数代码示例

bool compareu(VString string, VString stringt){	if (string.sz!=stringt.sz) return 0; unsigned char* to=string.data+stringt.sz;	while(string.data<to){		if (upd(*string.data)!=upd(*stringt.data)) return 0;  // asm++		string.data++; stringt.data++;	} return 1;}

void solve() {  scanf("%d", &n);  vvi closest;  closest.assign(n, vi(4, -1));  forn(i, n) {    a[i].read();  }  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {    for (int j = i + 1; j < n; ++j) {      int u = i, v = j;      if (a[u].x == a[v].x) {        if (a[u].y > a[v].y) swap(u, v);        upd(u, closest[u][to_dir('v')], v);        upd(v, closest[v][to_dir('^')], u);      } else if (a[u].y == a[v].y) {        if (a[u].x > a[v].x) swap(u, v);        upd(u, closest[u][to_dir('>')], v);        upd(v, closest[v][to_dir('<')], u);      }    }  }  int ans = doit(closest, 0);  for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {    ans = max(ans, doit(closest, i));  }  cout << ans << endl;}

enum update_typegenhash_fun_update(genhash_t* h, const void* k,                   void *(*upd)(const void *, const void *),                   void (*fr)(void*),                   const void *def){    struct genhash_entry_t *p;    enum update_type rv=0;    p=genhash_find_entry(h, k);    if(p) {        void *newValue=upd(k, p->value);        void *k2=h->ops.dupKey(k);        h->ops.freeKey(p->key);        p->key=k2;        void *v2=h->ops.dupValue(newValue);        h->ops.freeValue(p->value);        p->value=v2;        fr(newValue);        rv=MODIFICATION;    } else {        void *newValue=upd(k, def);        genhash_store(h, k, newValue);        fr(newValue);        rv=NEW;    }    return rv;}

enum update_type genhash_fun_update(genhash_t* h, const void* k, size_t klen,                                    void *(*upd)(const void *, const void *,                                                 size_t *, void *),                                    void (*fr)(void*),                                    void *arg,                                    const void *def, size_t deflen){    struct genhash_entry_t *p;    enum update_type rv=0;    size_t newSize = 0;    (void)deflen;    p=genhash_find_entry(h, k, klen);    if(p) {        void *newValue=upd(k, p->value, &newSize, arg);        free_value(h, p->value);        p->value=dup_value(h, newValue, newSize);        fr(newValue);        rv=MODIFICATION;    } else {        void *newValue=upd(k, def, &newSize, arg);        genhash_store(h, k, klen, newValue, newSize);        fr(newValue);        rv=NEW;    }    return rv;}

int main() {	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)		upd(i, 1), a[i] = 1;	for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {		int l, r, c;		scanf("%d", &c);		if (c == -1) {			scanf("%d", &l); l--;			if (a[l]) {				a[l]--; upd(l, -1);			}		}		if (c == 1) {			scanf("%d", &l); l--;			if (!a[l]) {				a[l]++; upd(l, 1);			}		}		if (!c) {			scanf("%d%d", &l, &r); l--, r--;			printf("%s/n", sum(r) - sum(l - 1) == r - l + 1 ? "PASSED" : "PENALTY");		}	}	return 0;}

void upd(int nd,int l,int r,int k,unsigned long long int v){	int mid=(l+r)/2;	if(l==r) {str[nd]=v; if(v==0) ver[nd]=true; return;}	else if(k<=mid) upd(nd*2,l,mid,k,v);	else upd((nd*2)+1,mid+1,r,k,v);	if(v==0) {ver[nd]=true; str[nd]=0;} else {if(str[nd]<v&&ver[nd]==false) str[nd]=v;}}

inline void rot(nd *&n,bool b) {    nd *c=n->ch[b];    n->ch[b]=c->ch[!b];    c->ch[!b]=n;    upd(n);    upd(c);    n=c;}

void query(int idx, int b, int e, int &x1, int &x2){	interval *i = d + idx;	if(b > i->r || e < i->l) return;	if(ok(i->f, b, e)) upd(i->f, x1, x2);	if(ok(i->s, b, e)) upd(i->s, x1, x2);	if(b <= i->l && i->r <= e) return;	query(LEFT(idx), b, e, x1, x2);	query(RIGHT(idx), b, e, x1, x2);}

bool VString::morecompareu(const VString& string)const{	int size= sz>string.sz ? string.sz : sz;	for (int i=0; i<size; i++){		if (upd(data[i])>upd(string.data[i])) return 1;		else if(data[i]<string.data[i]) return 0;	}	return sz>string.sz ? 1 : 0;}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    setIO("sample");    n = gi;    for(int i = 1;i<=n;a[i]=gi,w[i]=a[i],++i);    sort(w+1,w+n+1);    cnt = unique(w+1,w+n+1)-w-1;    for(int i = 1;i<=n;a[i]=lower_bound(w+1,w+cnt+1,a[i])-w,++i);    q = gi;    int len = (int)(sqrt(n)+0.5);    for(int i = 1;i<=q;++i){     ask[i].l = gi,ask[i].r=  gi;     ask[i].lp = (ask[i].l-1)/len+1;     ask[i].pos = i;    }    sort(ask+1,ask+q+1);    int pl = 1,pr = 0;    for(int i = 1;i<=q;++i){     if(pr < ask[i].r){      for(++pr;pr <= ask[i].r;++pr){       ans += sum(cnt+1-a[pr]);       upd(cnt+1-a[pr]+1,1);       upd2(a[pr]+1,1);      }      --pr;     }else if(pr > ask[i].r){      for(;pr>ask[i].r;--pr){       ans -= sum(cnt+1-a[pr]);       upd(cnt+1-a[pr]+1,-1);       upd2(a[pr]+1,-1);      }     }     if(pl < ask[i].l){      for(;pl < ask[i].l;++pl){       ans -=sum2(a[pl]);       upd(cnt+1-a[pl]+1,-1);       upd2(a[pl]+1,-1);}      }      else if(pl > ask[i].l){       for(--pl;pl >= ask[i].l;--pl){        ans += sum2(a[pl]);        upd(cnt+1-a[pl]+1,1);        upd2(a[pl]+1,1);       }      ++ pl;      }      key[ask[i].pos] = ans;     }            for(int i = 1;i<=q;++i) printf("%d/n",key[i]);    closeIO();    return EXIT_SUCCESS;}

voidPrinter::move(float x, float y, float z, float e, float f) {	GCode gc;#define upd(v) if(!isnan(v)) { this->v = v; }	upd(x);	upd(y);	upd(z);	upd(e);	upd(f);#undef upd	gc.setMove(x, y, z, e, f);	addCommand(gc);}

int rtmsu(unsigned char *to, unsigned char *fr, unsigned int frs, unsigned char *&line){ //read to symbol up	if(!line || !fr || !frs) return 0;	unsigned char *lfr, *tfr, *ln;	to-=frs-1;	for(line; line<to; line++){		if(upd(*line)==upd(*fr)){			lfr=fr+1; tfr=fr+frs; ln=line+1;			for(lfr; lfr<tfr; lfr++){ if(upd(*ln++)!=upd(*lfr)){ break; } }			if(lfr==tfr){ return 1; }		}	} line=to+(frs-1); return 0;}

 Droot Node::split (int k){     if (!sz) return Droot (null, null);     if (k <= ch[0]->sz){         Droot ret = ch[0]->split (k);         ch[0] = ret.second;         ret.second = upd ();         return ret;     } else{         Droot ret = ch[1]->split (k - ch[0]->sz - 1);         ch[1] = ret.first;         ret.first = upd ();         return ret;     } }

void update(int idx, int p){	interval *i = d + idx;	assert(i->l <= i->r);	if(p < i->l || p > i->r) return;	upd(p, i->f, i->s);	if(i->l < i->r){		int left = LEFT(idx), right = RIGHT(idx);		update(LEFT(idx), p), update(RIGHT(idx), p);		upd(d[left].f, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[left].s, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[right].f, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[right].s, i->f, i->s);	}}

void init(int idx, int b, int e){	interval *i = d + idx;	int m = (b + e) >> 1;	i->l = b; i->r = e;	assert(i->l <= i->r);	i->f = i->s = 0;	if(b < e){		int left = LEFT(idx), right = RIGHT(idx);		init(left, b, m);		init(right, m + 1, e);		upd(d[left].f, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[left].s, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[right].f, i->f, i->s);		upd(d[right].s, i->f, i->s);	} else i->f = b;}

void gmaster_state::gmaster(machine_config &config){	upd7810_device &upd(UPD7810(config, m_maincpu, 12_MHz_XTAL/2/*?*/)); // 
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