这篇教程python中Requests请求的安装与常见用法写得很实用,希望能帮到您。
一、requestsrequest的说法网上有很多,简单来说就是就是python里的很强大的类库,可以帮助你发很多的网络请求,比如get,post,put,delete等等,这里最常见的应该就是get和post
二、requests安装方式$ pip install requests$ easy_install requests
三、说说常见的两种请求,get和post
1、get请求(1)参数直接跟在url后面,即url的“ ?”后面,以key=value&key=value的形式 (2)由于get的参数是暴露在外面的,所以一般不传什么敏感信息,经常用于查询等操作 (3)由于参数是跟在url后面的,所以上传的数据量不大
2、post请求(1)参数可以写在url后面,也可以写在body里面 (2)用body上传请求数据,上传的数据量比get大 (3)由于写在body体里,相对安全 post正文格式 (1)form表单 html提交数据的默认格式 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded 例如: username=admin&password123 (2) multipart-form-data . 复合表单 可转数据+文件 (3)纯文本格式 raw ,最常见的 json . xml html js Content-Type:application/json . text/xml . text/html (4) binary . 二进制格式:只能上传一个文件
四、requests发送请求1、requests发送get请求 url = "http://www.search:9001/search/"param = {"key":"你好"}res = requests.get(url=url, params=params) 2、request发送post请求 (body是json格式,如果还带cookie) headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} #必须有url = "http://www.search:9001/search/"data= {"key":"你好"}cookies = {"uid":"1"}res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data, cookies=cookies) 3、 request发送post请求 (body是urlencoded格式) url = "http://www.search:9001/search/"data= {"key":"你好"}res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers) 4、 request上传文件 def post_file_request(url, file_path): if os.path.exists(file_path): if url not in [None, ""]: if url.startswith("http") or url.startswith("https"): files = {'file': open(file_path, 'rb')} res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=data) return {"code": 0, "res": res} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url格式不正确"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url不能为空"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "文件路径不存在"}
五、responserequest发送请求后,会返回一个response,response里有好多信息,我进行了一下封装,基本如下 @staticmethod def get_response_text(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.text.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')} #这种方式可以将url编码转成中文,返回响应文本 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_status_code(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.status_code} #返回响应状态吗 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_cookies(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.cookies} #返回cookies else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_headers(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.headers} #返回headers else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"} @staticmethod def get_response_encoding(response): if response not in [None, ""]: if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response): return {"code": 0, "res": response.encoding} #返回编码格式 else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
补充:requests中遇到问题获取cookie # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-#获取cookieimport requestsimport jsonurl = "https://www.baidu.com/"r = requests.get(url)#将RequestsCookieJar转换成字典c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies)print(r.cookies)print(c)for a in r.cookies: Python正则表达re模块之findall()函数详解 Python |