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Vmware部署Nginx+KeepAlived集群双主架构的问题及解决方法

51自学网 2022-07-04 11:30:54
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前言

用nginx做负载均衡,作为架构的最前端或中间层,随着日益增长的访问量,需要给负载均衡做高可用架构,利用keepalived解决单点风险,一旦 nginx宕机能快速切换到备份服务器。

Vmware网络配置可能遇到的问题解决方法

  • 启动VMware DHCP ServiceVMware NAT Service两个服务
  • 在网络适配器开启网络共享,允许其他网络打勾保存,重启虚拟机

安装

节点部署

节点 地址 服务
centos7_1 192.168.211.130 Keepalived+Nginx
centos7_2 192.168.211.131 Keepalived+Nginx
centos7_3 192.168.211.132 Redis服务器
web1(物理机) 192.168.211.128 FastApi+Celery
web2(物理机) 192.168.211.129 FastApi+Celery

web的配置

web1启动python http服务器

vim index.html<html><body><h1>Web Svr 1</h1></body></html>nohup python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080 > running.log 2>&1 &

web2启动python http服务器

vim index.html<html><body><h1>Web Svr 2</h1></body></html>nohup python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080 > running.log 2>&1 &

关闭防火墙

firewall-cmd --statesystemctl stop firewalld.servicesystemctl disable firewalld.service

现在浏览器访问就正常了,页面显示Web Svr 1 和 2

centos1和2安装Nginx

首先配置阿里云的源

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backupwget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.reposed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

安装依赖包

yum -y install gccyum install -y pcre pcre-develyum install -y zlib zlib-develyum install -y openssl openssl-devel

下载nginx,并解压

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gztar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

安装nginx

cd nginx-1.8.0./configure --user=nobody --group=nobody --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_ssl_modulemakemake installcd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/# 检查配置文件./nginx -t# 启动nginx./nginx

开放nginx访问

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanentsystemctl restart firewalld.service

此时访问130和131都可以看到nginx的首页。

创建nginx启动文件

需要在init.d文件夹中创建nginx启动文件。 这样每次服务器重新启动init进程都会自动启动Nginx。

cd /etc/init.d/vim nginx#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin## chkconfig:   - 85 15# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse /#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid# user:        nginx# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"lockfile=/var/run/nginx.lockstart() {    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile    return $retval}stop() {    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "    killproc $prog -QUIT    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile    return $retval}restart() {    configtest || return $?    stop    start}reload() {    configtest || return $?    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "    killproc $nginx -HUP    RETVAL=$?    echo}force_reload() {    restart}configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status() {    status $prog}rh_status_q() {    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" in    start)        rh_status_q && exit 0        $1        ;;    stop)        rh_status_q || exit 0        $1        ;;    restart|configtest)        $1        ;;    reload)        rh_status_q || exit 7        $1        ;;    force-reload)        force_reload        ;;    status)        rh_status        ;;    condrestart|try-restart)        rh_status_q || exit 0            ;;    *)        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"        exit 2esac

校验配置文件依次输入下列命令

chkconfig --add nginxchkconfig --level 345 nginx on

给这个文件添加执行权限

chmod +x nginx lsfunctions  netconsole  network  nginx  README

启动Nginx服务

service nginx startservice nginx statusservice nginx reload

Nginx反向代理、负载均衡(centos_1)

修改nginx.conf配置文件,去除注释的代码

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bakegrep -v '^#' nginx.conf.bakegrep -v '^#|^[ ]*#' nginx.conf.bakegrep -v '^#|^[ ]*#|^$' nginx.conf.bak egrep -v '^#|^[ ]*#|^$' nginx.conf.bak >> nginx.confcat nginx.conf

输出如下

worker_processes  1;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    sendfile        on;    keepalive_timeout  65;    server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        location / {            root   html;            index  index.html index.htm;        }        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }    }}

重新加载nginx配置

# 测试配置文件是否正常../sbin/nginx -t# 重新加载nginx配置../sbin/nginx -s reload

配置nginx反向代理、负载均衡

worker_processes  1;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    sendfile        on;    keepalive_timeout  65;        # websvr 服务器集群(也可以叫负载均衡池)	    upstream websvr {        server 192.168.211.128:8001  weight=1;        server 192.168.211.129:8001  weight=2;    }	    server {        listen       80;        # 用来指定ip地址或者域名,多个配置之间用空格分隔        server_name  192.168.211.130;        location / {            # 将所有请求交给websvr集群去处理            proxy_pass http://websvr;        }        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }    }}

现在重启nginx

sbin/nginx -s reload

websvr名称可自定义,可以指明这些服务器的含义。也就是只需要添加upstream websvrproxy_pass就可以实现负载均衡。

现在访问130,页面上就会出现Web Svr 1和Web Svr 2切换,会根据权重选择服务器,weight值越大,权重越高,也就是重复刷新该页面,平均Web Svr 2出现2次,Web Svr 1出现1次。

到目前为止,仍然不能实现高可用,虽然web服务可以这样做,单点故障可以通过这种方式处理,但是如果nginx服务故障了,整个系统基本就无法访问了,那么就需要使用多台Nginx来保障。

多个Nginx协同工作,Nginx高可用【双机主从模式】

131服务器(centos_2)上新增一台nginx服务,和之前的配置一样,只需要修改 nginx.conf 即可

worker_processes  1;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    sendfile        on;    keepalive_timeout  65;        upstream websvr {        server 192.168.211.128:8001  weight=1;        server 192.168.211.129:8001  weight=2;    }    server {        listen       80;        server_name  192.168.211.131;        location / {            proxy_pass http://websvr;        }        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }    }}# 重新加载nginxsbin/nginx -s reload

现在访问 http://192.168.211.130/ 也可以得到和 http://192.168.211.131/ 类似的结果。

这两台Nginx服务器的IP是不同的,那怎么做才能将这两台nginx服务器一起工作呢?这就需要用到keepalived了。

安装软件,两台centos同时安装

yum install keepalived pcre-devel  -y

配置keepalived

两台均备份

cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak

centos_1配置Keepalived-MASTER

[root@localhost keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {    script_user root	enable_script_security}vrrp_script chk_nginx {    # 指定监控脚本,检测nginx服务是否正常运行    script "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh"    # 指定监控时间,每10s执行一次    interval 10    # 脚本结果导致的优先级变更,检测失败(脚本返回非0)则优先级 -5    # weight -5    # # 检测连续2次失败才算确定是真失败。会用weight减少优先级(1-255之间)    # fall 2    # 检测1次成功就算成功。但不修改优先级    # rise 1}vrrp_instance VI_1 {	# 指定keepalived的角色,主机设置为MASTER,备用机设置为BACKUP    state BACKUP	# 指定HA监测网络的接口。centos7使用 ip addr 获取    interface ens33	# 主备的virtual_router_id必须一样,可以设置为IP后一组:must be between 1 & 255    virtual_router_id 51	# 优先级值,在同一个vrrp_instance下, MASTRE 一定要高于 BAUCKUP,MASTER恢复后,BACKUP自动交接    priority 90	# VRRP 广播周期秒数,如果没检测到该广播,就被认为服务挂了,将切换主备    advert_int 1	# 设置验证类型和密码。主从必须一样    authentication {		# 设置vrrp验证类型,主要有PASS和AH两种        auth_type PASS		# 加密的密码,两台服务器一定要一样,才能正常通信        auth_pass 1111    }	track_script {        # 执行监控的服务,引用VRRP脚本,即在 vrrp_script 部分指定的名字。定期运行它们来改变优先级        chk_nginx    }    virtual_ipaddress {		# VRRP HA 虚拟地址 如果有多个VIP,继续换行填写        192.168.211.140    }}

把配置文件发送到131节点

scp /etc/keepalived/keppalived.conf 192.168.211.131:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

对于131节点只需要修改

state BACKUPpriority 90

主keepalived配置监控脚本chk_nginx.sh

创建一个脚本,用于在keepalived中执行

vi /etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh#!/bin/bash# 查看是否有 nginx进程 把值赋给变量countercounter=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l`# 如果没有进程值得为 0if [ $counter -eq 0 ];then    # 尝试启动nginx    echo "Keepalived Info: Try to start nginx" >> /var/log/messages    /etc/nginx/sbin/nginx    sleep 3    if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then        # 输出日至道系统消息        echo "Keepalived Info: Unable to start nginx" >> /var/log/messages        # 如果还没没启动,则结束 keepalived 进程        # killall keepalived        # 或者停止        /etc/init.d/keepalived stop        exit 1    else        echo "Keepalived Info: Nginx service has been restored" >> /var/log/messages        exit 0    fielse    # 状态正常    echo "Keepalived Info: Nginx detection is normal" >> /var/log/messages;    exit 0fi

接下来授予执行权限,并测试

chmod +x chk_nginx.sh./chk_nginx.sh

两边重启keepalived

systemctl restart keepalivedsystemctl status keepalived

此时访问.140也是可以正常显示的,也就是绑定的IP成功了。执行前可以通过下面命令实时查看 messages 中的输出日志

tail -f /var/log/messages # 如果nginx关闭Keepalived Info: Try to start nginxKeepalived Info: Nginx service has been restored# nginx正常打开Keepalived Info: Nginx detection is normal

当nginx检测正常,就会返回0;检测没有了,返回1,但是keepalived似乎不是检测这个返回值来实现转移,而是检测keepalived服务是否存在,来释放本地VIP后,最终转移虚拟IP,到另一台服务器。

参考文章

https://www.jianshu.com/p/7e8e61d34960
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangxingeng/p/10721083.html


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