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谈谈Windows API 在VB 中的应用

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2) 示例二:抓屏演示
本示例程序将演示如何拷贝屏幕图象。
实现步骤:
1. 建立一个新项目,将其命名为Demo4.vbp。
2. 增加模块Demo4.bas,在Demo4.bas中加入如下代码:
Public Declare Function GetDC Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function StretchBlt Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long, ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long, ByVal hSrcDC As Long, ByVal xSrc As Long, ByVal ySrc As Long, ByVal nSrcWidth As Long, ByVal nSrcHeight As Long, ByVal dwRop As Long) As Long
Public Const SRCCOPY = &HCC0020
3. 在窗体Form1的Command1_Click处理程序中加入以下代码:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim i As Long
Dim wScreen As Long
Dim hscreen As Long
Dim w As Long
Dim h As Long
Picture1.Cls
wScreen = Screen.Width / Screen.TwipsPerPixelX
hscreen = Screen.Height / Screen.TwipsPerPixelY
w = Picture1.ScaleWidth
h = Picture1.ScaleHeight
hdcScreen = GetDC(0)
i = StretchBlt(Picture1.hdc, 0, 0, w, h, hdcScreen, 0, 0, wScreen, 
hscreen, vbSrcCopy)
Picture1.Refresh
End Sub
运行效果如下图:

3.多媒体编程:
1) 示例一:百叶窗效果
实现步骤: 
1.建立一个新项目,将其命名为Demo5.vbp。
2.增加模块Demo5.bas,在Demo5.bas中加入如下代码:
Public Const SRCCOPY = &HCC0020
Public Declare Function BitBlt Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hDestDC As Long, ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long, ByVal hSrcDC As Long, ByVal xSrc As Long, ByVal ySrc As Long, ByVal dwRop As Long) As Long
3.在窗体的声明部分加入代码:
Dim h, w As Integer
4.在窗体的Form_Load处理程序中加入代码:
Private Sub Form_Load()
Picture1.Move 0, 0
Picture2.Move 0, 0
h = Picture1.ScaleHeight
w = Picture1.ScaleWidth
Picture2.Width = Picture1.Width
Picture2.Height = Picture1.Height
End Sub
5.在窗体的Command1_Click处理代码中:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim i, j, g As Integer
Picture2.Cls
For i = 0 To 50
For j = i To w Step 50
BitBlt Picture2.hDC, j, 0, 1, h, Picture1.hDC, j, 0, SRCCOPY
For g = 0 To 500
Next g
Next j
Next i
End Sub
6.在窗体的Command2_Click的处理程序中:
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Dim i, j, g As Integer
Picture2.Cls
For i = 0 To 50
For j = i To w Step 50
BitBlt Picture2.hDC, 0, j, w, 1, Picture1.hDC, 0, j, SRCCOPY
For g = 0 To 500
Next g
Next j
Next i
End Sub
7.在窗体的Picture1_Resize的处理程序中加入代码:
Private Sub Picture1_Resize()
Picture2.Width = Picture1.Width
Picture2.Height = Picture1.Height
End Sub
2)示例二:播放背景音乐
实现步骤:
1.建立一个新项目,将其命名为Demo6.vbp。
2.增加模块Demo6.bas,在Demo6.bas中加入如下代码:
Public Declare Function mciSendString Lib "winmm.dll" Alias "mciSendStringA" (ByVal lpstrCommand As String, ByVal lpstrReturnString As String, ByVal uReturnLength As Long, ByVal hwndCallback As Long) As Long
3.在窗体的Form_load的处理程序中加入如下代码:
Private Sub Form_Load()
Dim back
back = mciSendString&("OPEN " + App.Path + "/TEST.MID" + " TYPE 
SEQUENCER ALIAS NN", 0&, 0, 0)
back = mciSendString&("PLAY NN FROM 0", 0&, 0, 0)
R% = mciSendString&("CLOSE ANIMATION", 0&, 0, 0)
End Sub
4.在窗体的Command1_Click的处理程序中加入代码:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim back
back = mciSendString&("CLOSE NN", 0, 0, 0)
End Sub
5.在窗体的Command2_Click的处理程序中加入代码:
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Dim back
back = mciSendString&("OPEN " + App.Path + "/TEST.MID" + " TYPE 
SEQUENCER ALIAS NN", 0&, 0, 0)
back = mciSendString&("PLAY NN FROM 0", 0&, 0, 0)
R% = mciSendString&("CLOSE ANIMATION", 0&, 0, 0)
End Sub
运行效果如下图:

三、VB中API应用应注意的问题及其对策
使用API函数的VB程序员也许都遇到这样的现象。在VB集成环境下,程序运行后,出 现一错误信息对话框,按确定键后系统自动退出VB集成环境,此时如果你的程序尚未存盘,那末很遗憾挽回损失已回天乏力。这是你对API函数使用不当引起的一般保护故障(GPF)。
当一个GPF错发生时,你应允许Windows关闭你的应用。有些情况下你可能需要退出Windows或者重新引导系统,出错程度视内存被破坏程度而定。DLL(动态链接库)函数中的类型不一致等错误是引起GPF错误的主要原因。下面谈谈避免GPF的一些技巧:
用别名来提供强类型检查是避免GPF的有效措施之一。有些情况下,DLL函数可以接受多种类型,LoadCursor函数就是这样一个例子,其定义如下:HCursor LoadCursor(hInstance,
lpCursorName)。这里HCursor是一个指向光标对象的16位句柄,hInstance是一个16位实例句柄,lpCursorName是光标的名字或者是光标资源的32位整数ID。为了支持两种类型的lpCursorName参数。VB有必要包含如下两个声明:
DeclareFunction LoadCursor Lib"USER"(ByVal hInstance As Integer,ByVal lpCursorName As String)As Integer
DeclareFunction LoadCursor Lib"USER"(ByVal hInstance As Integer,ByVallpCursorName As Long)As Integer

但是,这两个声明不能在一个程序中同时存在,因为Visual Basic会报重复声明错。我们知道,As Any声明可使得任何参数都可以传递给DLL函数,因此可以如下声明:
DeclareFunction LoadCursor Lib"USER"(ByVal hInstance As Integer ,ByVal lpCursorName As Any )As Integer
上述声明意味着Visual Basic能支持一个参数可接受多种类型的DLL函数,然而这就可能带来各种灾难性的后果,每当偶然情况下用不正确的参数调用该函数时,都可以引发一个GPF,我们可以这样进行严格的类型检查并且帮助防止这类问题。这种方法就是在函数的声明中使用Alias技巧,看看下面的两个声明:
DeclareFunction LoadCursorByName Lib"USER"Alias "LoadCursor"(ByVal hInstance As Integer,ByVal lpCursorName As String)As Integer
DeclareFunction LoadCursorByID Lib"USER"Alias "LoadCursor"(ByVal hInstance As Integer ,ByVallpCursorName As Long)As Integer
LoadCursorByName用字符串做lpCursorName参数访问DLL函数LoadCursor,而函数LoadCursorByID访问同样的DLL函数LoadCursor,但是用长整型做lpCursorName参数,这两个函数都对lpCursorName参数进行严格的类型检查,使Visual Basic能在调用DLL函数之前识别出不正确的变量类型,最大限度地减少引起GPF或者导致系统崩溃的机会。除此之外,使用API函数时运行之前最好先存盘,仔细检查调用API函数的参数与声明的类型是否一致,以及严格检查参数是否有效都能减少引发GPF或者系统崩溃。
[参考文献]
[1] Mike McKelvy & Ronald Martinsen ,Visual Basic5 开发使用手册 {M}:机械工业出版社 
[2] 《Visual Basic 5.0 Win32开发人员指南》 [M]:机械工业出版社

 
 

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