MFC 提供CArchive类实现数据的缓冲区读写,同时定义了类对象的存储与读取方案。 以下对CArchvie 的内部实现作分析。
1.概述 2.内部数据 3.基本数据读写 4.缓冲区的更新 5.指定长度数据段落的读写 6.字符串的读写 7.CObject派生对象的读写
一.概述
CArchive使用了缓冲区,即一段内存空间作为临时数据存储地,对CArchive的读写都先依次排列到此缓冲区,当缓冲区满或用户要求时,将此段整理后的数据读写到指定的存储煤质。 当建立CArchive对象时,应指定其模式是用于缓冲区读,还是用于缓冲区写。 可以这样理解,CArchive对象相当于铁路的货运练调度站,零散的货物被收集,当总量到达火车运量的时候,由火车装运走。 当接到火车的货物时,则货物由被分散到各自的货主。与货运不同的是,交货、取货是按时间循序执行的,而不是凭票据。因此必须保证送货的和取货的货主按同样的循序去存或取。 对于大型的货物,则是拆散成火车单位,运走,取货时,依次取各部分,组装成原物。
二.内部数据 缓冲区指针 BYTE* m_lpBufStart,指向缓冲区,这个缓冲区有可能是底层CFile(如派生类CMemFile)对象提供的,但一般是CArchive自己建立的。 缓冲区尾部指针 BYTE* m_lpBufMax; 缓冲区当前位置指针 BYTE* m_lpBufCur; 初始化时,如果是读模式,当前位置在尾部,如果是写模式,当前位置在头部:
m_lpBufCur = (IsLoading()) ? m_lpBufMax : m_lpBufStart; 三.基本数据读写 对于基本的数据类型,例如字节、双字等,可以直接使用">>"、"<<"符号进行读出、写入。
//操作符定义捕:
//插入操作 CArchive& operator<<(BYTE by); CArchive& operator<<(WORD w); CArchive& operator<<(LONG l); CArchive& operator<<(DWORD dw); CArchive& operator<<(float f); CArchive& operator<<(double d); CArchive& operator<<(int i); CArchive& operator<<(short w); CArchive& operator<<(char ch); CArchive& operator<<(unsigned u);
//提取操作 CArchive& operator>>(BYTE& by); CArchive& operator>>(WORD& w); CArchive& operator>>(DWORD& dw); CArchive& operator>>(LONG& l); CArchive& operator>>(float& f); CArchive& operator>>(double& d);
CArchive& operator>>(int& i); CArchive& operator>>(short& w); CArchive& operator>>(char& ch); CArchive& operator>>(unsigned& u); 下面以双字为例,分析原码 双字的插入(写)
CArchive& CArchive::operator<<(DWORD dw) { if (m_lpBufCur + sizeof(DWORD) > m_lpBufMax) //缓冲区空间不够 Flush(); //缓冲区内容提交到实际存储煤质。
if (!(m_nMode & bNoByteSwap)) _AfxByteSwap(dw, m_lpBufCur); //处理字节顺序 else *(DWORD*)m_lpBufCur = dw; //添入缓冲区
m_lpBufCur += sizeof(DWORD); //移动当前指针 return *this; }
双字的提取(读) CArchive& CArchive::operator>>(DWORD& dw) { if (m_lpBufCur + sizeof(DWORD) > m_lpBufMax) //缓冲区要读完了 FillBuffer(sizeof(DWORD) - (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur)); //重新读入内容到缓冲区
dw = *(DWORD*)m_lpBufCur; //读取双字 m_lpBufCur += sizeof(DWORD); //移动当前位置指针
if (!(m_nMode & bNoByteSwap)) _AfxByteSwap(dw, (BYTE*)&dw); //处理字节顺序 return *this; }
四.缓冲区的更新
以上操作中,当缓冲区将插入满或缓冲区将提取空时,都将对缓冲区进行更新处理。
缓冲区将插入满时调用Flush(); void CArchive::Flush() { ASSERT_VALID(m_pFile); ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufStart != NULL); ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufCur != NULL); ASSERT(m_lpBufStart == NULL || AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart, IsStoring())); ASSERT(m_lpBufCur == NULL || AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufCur, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur, IsStoring()));
if (IsLoading()) { // unget the characters in the buffer, seek back unused amount if (m_lpBufMax != m_lpBufCur) m_pFile-> Seek(-(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur), CFile::current); m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufMax; // 指向尾 } else //写模式 { if (!m_bDirectBuffer) { // 内容写入到文件 if (m_lpBufCur != m_lpBufStart) m_pFile-> Write(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufCur - m_lpBufStart); } else { //如果是直接针对内存区域的的(例如CMemFile中) (只需移动相关指针,指向新的一块内存) if (m_lpBufCur != m_lpBufStart) m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferCommit, m_lpBufCur - m_lpBufStart); // get next buffer VERIFY(m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferWrite, m_nBufSize, (void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax) == (UINT)m_nBufSize); ASSERT((UINT)m_nBufSize == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart)); } m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart; //指向缓冲区首 } } 缓冲区将提取空,会调用FillBuffer。 nBytesNeeded为当前剩余部分上尚有用的字节void CArchive::FillBuffer(UINT nBytesNeeded) { ASSERT_VALID(m_pFile); ASSERT(IsLoading()); ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufStart != NULL); ASSERT(m_bDirectBuffer || m_lpBufCur != NULL); ASSERT(nBytesNeeded > 0); ASSERT(nBytesNeeded <= (UINT)m_nBufSize); ASSERT(m_lpBufStart == NULL || AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart, FALSE)); ASSERT(m_lpBufCur == NULL || AfxIsValidAddress(m_lpBufCur, m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur, FALSE));
UINT nUnused = m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur; ULONG nTotalNeeded = ((ULONG)nBytesNeeded) + nUnused;
// 从文件中读取 if (!m_bDirectBuffer) { ASSERT(m_lpBufCur != NULL); ASSERT(m_lpBufStart != NULL); ASSERT(m_lpBufMax != NULL);
if (m_lpBufCur > m_lpBufStart) { //保留剩余的尚未处理的部分,将它们移动到头 if ((int)nUnused > 0) { memmove(m_lpBufStart, m_lpBufCur, nUnused); m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart; m_lpBufMax = m_lpBufStart + nUnused; }
// read to satisfy nBytesNeeded or nLeft if possible UINT nRead = nUnused; UINT nLeft = m_nBufSize-nUnused; UINT nBytes; BYTE* lpTemp = m_lpBufStart + nUnused; do { nBytes = m_pFile-> Read(lpTemp, nLeft); lpTemp = lpTemp + nBytes; nRead += nBytes; nLeft -= nBytes; } while (nBytes > 0 && nLeft > 0 && nRead < nBytesNeeded);
m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart; m_lpBufMax = m_lpBufStart + nRead; } } else { // 如果是针对内存区域(CMemFile),移动相关指针,指向新的一块内存 if (nUnused != 0) m_pFile-> Seek(-(LONG)nUnused, CFile::current); UINT nActual = m_pFile-> GetBufferPtr(CFile::bufferRead, m_nBufSize, (void**)&m_lpBufStart, (void**)&m_lpBufMax); ASSERT(nActual == (UINT)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufStart)); m_lpBufCur = m_lpBufStart; }
// not enough data to fill request? if ((ULONG)(m_lpBufMax - m_lpBufCur) < nTotalNeeded) AfxThrowArchiveException(CArchiveException::endOfFile); } <  
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