这篇教程Python3访问MySQL数据库的实现步骤写得很实用，希望能帮到您。
前言要实现一个简单的IM（即时通讯）系统，支持用户注册、登录和聊天记录存储，你可以使用Python和mysql数据库。以下是一个基本的实现示例： 要使用MySQL创建表并通过Python提供一个API服务，你可以使用Flask框架来实现API服务，并使用PyMySQL库来连接MySQL数据库。以下是一个基本的实现步骤：
1. 安装所需库首先，确保你安装了Flask和PyMySQL库： pip install flask pymysql
2. MySQL数据库设置docker run --hostname=a5ddc3708f2e --env=MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --env=MYSQL_DATABASE=jwordpress --env=TZ=Asia/Shanghai --env=LANG=en_US.UTF-8 --env=PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin --env=GOSU_VERSION=1.7 --env=MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 --env=MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.26-1debian9 --volume=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:rw --volume=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker/mysql/init-file.sql:/etc/mysql/init-file.sql:rw --volume=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql:rw --volume=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker/mysql/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:rw --volume=/var/lib/mysql --network=docker_default -p 3306:3306 --restart=unless-stopped --label='com.docker.compose.config-hash=f33622a4d32e092d39a39c3dc0bd2259df09b24ad897567bcaa7f7fa0630b019' --label='com.docker.compose.container-number=1' --label='com.docker.compose.depends_on=' --label='com.docker.compose.image=sha256:a1aa4f76fab910095dfcf4011f32fbe7acdb84c46bb685a8cf0a75e7d0da8f6b' --label='com.docker.compose.oneoff=False' --label='com.docker.compose.project=docker' --label='com.docker.compose.project.config_files=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker/docker-compose.yml' --label='com.docker.compose.project.working_dir=D:/IdeaProjects/Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904/docker' --label='com.docker.compose.service=mysql' --label='com.docker.compose.version=2.21.0' --runtime=runc -d registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mysql:5.7 假设你已经在MySQL中创建了一个数据库，接下来创建用户和消息表。 CREATE DATABASE chat_db;USE chat_db;CREATE TABLE users ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL);CREATE TABLE messages ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, sender VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, receiver VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, message TEXT NOT NULL, timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);
3. 创建Flask API服务一个简单的Flask应用，提供注册、登录和发送消息的API。 详见main.py from flask import Flask, request, jsonifyimport pymysqlimport bcryptapp = Flask(__name__)# Database connection configurationdb_config = { 'host': 'localhost', 'user': 'root', 'password': '123456', 'database': 'chat_db'}def get_db_connection(): return pymysql.connect(**db_config)@app.route('/register', methods=['POST'])def register(): data = request.json username = data['username'] password = data['password'] hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode('utf-8'), bcrypt.gensalt()) conn = get_db_connection() cursor = conn.cursor() try: cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (%s, %s)", (username, hashed)) conn.commit() return jsonify({'message': 'Registration successful!'}), 201 except pymysql.IntegrityError: return jsonify({'message': 'Username already exists!'}), 400 finally: cursor.close() conn.close()@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])def login(): data = request.json username = data['username'] password = data['password'] conn = get_db_connection() cursor = conn.cursor() try: cursor.execute("SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = %s", (username,)) result = cursor.fetchone() if result and bcrypt.checkpw(password.encode('utf-8'), result[0].encode('utf-8')): return jsonify({'message': 'Login successful!'}), 200 else: return jsonify({'message': 'Incorrect username or password!'}), 401 finally: cursor.close() conn.close()@app.route('/send_message', methods=['POST'])def send_message(): data = request.json sender = data['sender'] receiver = data['receiver'] message = data['message'] conn = get_db_connection() cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("INSERT INTO messages (sender, receiver, message) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)", (sender, receiver, message)) conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() return jsonify({'message': 'Message sent successfully!'}), 201@app.route('/get_messages', methods=['GET'])def get_messages(): user1 = request.args.get('user1') user2 = request.args.get('user2') conn = get_db_connection() cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute('''SELECT sender, receiver, message, timestamp FROM messages WHERE (sender = %s AND receiver = %s) OR (sender = %s AND receiver = %s) ORDER BY timestamp''', (user1, user2, user2, user1)) messages = cursor.fetchall() cursor.close() conn.close() return jsonify(messages), 200if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True)
4. 运行API服务将上述代码保存为一个Python文件（例如main.py），然后运行： 这将启动一个Flask开发服务器，你可以通过POST请求来注册和登录用户，通过GET请求来获取聊天记录。
5. 测试post http://127.0.0.1:5000/register { "username": "alice", "password": "password123"}post http://127.0.0.1:5000/register { "username": "bob", "password": "password123"}post http://127.0.0.1:5000/send_message { "sender": "alice", "receiver": "bob", "message": "Hello Bob!"}get http://127.0.0.1:5000/get_messages?user1=alice&user2=bob [ [ "alice", "bob", "Hello Bob!", "Fri, 15 Nov 2024 16:06:33 GMT" ]] 请注意，这个示例是一个基本实现，适用于学习和测试。在生产环境中，你需要考虑更多的安全性和性能优化，例如使用HTTPS、添加身份验证令牌等。 到此这篇关于Python3访问MySQL数据库的实现步骤的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python3访问MySQL内容请搜索本站以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持本站！
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