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kubeadm

51自学网 2022-07-22 18:48:35
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kubeadm 搭建 K8s

本篇主要记录一下 使用 kubeadm 搭建 k8s 详细过程 ,环境使用 VirtualBox 构建的3台虚拟机

1.环境准备

  • 操作系统:Centos7 (CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009)
  • Master 主节点: 1台 虚拟机
  • Node 计算节点: 2台 虚拟机
  • K8s version:v1.23.5 (选的较新的版本)
  • Docker version:20.10.14

虚拟机创建我就不详细展开了

2.虚拟机网络配置(保证能访问外网)

  • 虚拟机网卡 选择的是 1.网络地址转换NAT (主要用来访问外网的) 2.仅主机网络 (主要用来宿主机访问虚拟机的)
  • 把对应的 ip 设置如下
  • kube-master 192.168.56.20
  • kube-node-1 192.168.56.21
  • kube-node-2 192.168.56.22

2.1 3台虚拟机 静态ip配置

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
TYPE="Ethernet"PROXY_METHOD="none"BROWSER_ONLY="no"BOOTPROTO="none" #关闭DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="35eac2d4-234d-4859-848e-ed2a30a64a81"DEVICE="enp0s3"#添加部分 IPADDR="10.0.2.20"PREFIX="24"GATEWAY="10.0.2.2"DNS1="10.0.2.3"DNS2="114.114.114.114"ONBOOT="yes"
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8
TYPE=EthernetPROXY_METHOD=noneBROWSER_ONLY=noBOOTPROTO=static #修改为 static 静态ipDEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacyNAME=enp0s8UUID=d06bac6d-294f-4bfe-bf08-5cb65c0a431fDEVICE=enp0s8#新增部分IPADDR=192.168.56.20PREFIX=24ONBOOT=yes

2.2 虚拟机hosts 配置

在 3台虚拟机 /etc/hosts 中配置 如下

192.168.56.20	kube-master192.168.56.21	kube-node-1192.168.56.22	kube-node-2

3.k8s 基础环境设置

3.1 yum 换源(可选)

yum -y install wgetcd /etc/yum.repos.dmv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bakwget -O CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repowget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoyum clean allyum makecache #重新生成缓存

3.2 关闭 selinux

setenforce 0 #临时关闭sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config #永久关闭

3.3 关闭swap分区或禁用swap文件

swapoff -a# 注释掉关于swap分区的行yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bakcat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab

3.4 允许iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.confbr_netfilterEOFcat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1EOFsudo sysctl --system

3.5 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalld

3.6 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

4.kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet的安装

注意 先换源 https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.64be1b11iddYWH 阿里换源文档

4.1 添加Kubernetes的alibaba yum源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/enabled=1gpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgEOFyum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

4.2 安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet 

由于官网未开放同步方式, 可能会有索引gpg检查失败的情况, 这时请用 yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet kubeadm kubectl 安装

4.3 启动kubelet 服务

systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

此时执行systemctl status kubelet查看服务状态,此时肯定有错误(因为我们还未进行初始化操作),错误可使用journalctl -xe查看错误信息。

5.Docker 安装和配置

Docker centos 安装文档 地址 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

5.1 Docker 安装

sudo yum install -y yum-utilssudo yum-config-manager /    --add-repo /    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.reposudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # 也可以安装其他版本 yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r  # sudo yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io#启动dockersudo systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker 

5.2 Docker 镜像源更换

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{  "registry-mirrors": ["https://9xxxx1clo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] #请更换自己的 阿里云镜像地址}EOF

5.3 Docker 配置cgroup-driver

由于 cgroup-driver ,默认docker 是 cgroupfs ,而k8s 默认是 systemd,所以需要设置 docker 的 cgroup 为 systemd

推荐使用方式二进行修改

#查看cgroup-driver docker info | grep -i cgroup# 方式一 追加 --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd 参数 sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service systemctl daemon-reload # 重新加载服务 systemctl enable docker # 启用docker服务(开机自起) systemctl restart docker # 启动docker服务# 方式二 修改docker配置文件 vim /etc/docker/daemon.json{  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]}

5.4 拉取k8s所需镜像

可以通过

kubeadm config images list 查看所需的镜像

kubeadm config images list k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.5k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.5k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.5k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6

如果拉取不到镜像 可以通过 去 docker hub 上查找对应的 镜像

docker pull k8simage/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5  docker tag k8simage/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5 #重新tag改成上面所需的镜像即可, 其他的都按照这样来

Tips: 完成上面操作后 你可以通过 docker save 导出镜像,以后再用的时候 可以通过 docker image load < 进行离线加载镜像

#导出镜像 ,批量导出所有镜像docker save $(docker images --format '{{.Repository}}:{{.Tag}}') -o k8s.images.tar #导入镜像 ,注意 是 < 不是 > 。。 > 后会导致tar 无法使用需要重新上传docker image load < ...tar/zip 

6.kube-master 节点 初始化

我这里选的是 flannel 网络插件,先来看看 flannel 的配置文件

6.1 查看flannel 网络范围

flannel.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

不同的 网络插件 网络范围不同

6.2 kubeadm init 初始化

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 / #网卡插件的 网络范围  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.20 #master 的 ip 地址

等一会就会有如下结果

可以把 kubeadm join 命令记下来 便于后面使用 保存输出中的kubeadm join部分内容,用于添加node节点,或者使用kubeadm token listkubeadm token create --print-join-command查看

执行后续步骤,可以看到提示

mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

6.3 网络插件flannel 配置

前面提到了flannel 把对应的flannel.yml文件下载到服务器中,可以使用wget

可以看到 在没配置 flannel 的时候 coredns 一直是 pending 状态

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml #可能会下载不到,文章最后我会提供内容,直接copy过去即可#Tips: 可能需要指定一下网卡 ,在kube-flannel.yml中 - /opt/bin/flanneld args: 后面添加#- --iface=enp0s8 # 需要指定网卡,否则可能k8s会导致使用错误的网卡 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #应用该文件

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide #查看是否安装成功,它会在 master 和 node 节点上都会自动部署

最后通过 kubectl get nodes -o wide 查看 节点

7.kube-node 节点初始化

7.1 查看token

可以通过该命令进行查看 token

kubeadm token create --print-join-command#kubeadm join kube-master:6443 --token ii5xyw.mywlktar1e8f60cu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:358f92418178342f79aa7b049e6c18a423f0fb88186189142459016fe6efb8e7

7.2 node节点上 执行 kubeadmin join

kubeadm join kube-master:6443 --token ii5xyw.mywlktar1e8f60cu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:358f92418178342f79aa7b049e6c18a423f0fb88186189142459016fe6efb8e7

7.3 在master 上查看结果

watch kubectl get nodes -o wide #可以通过watch 实时监听 加入情况

至此使用 kubeadm 已经成功搭建k8s 集群

总结

本篇主要讲解了 如何使用 kubeadm 进行搭建 k8s 集群 ,搭建的是 k8s 较新版本 v1.23.5 版本,使用kubeadm 搭建相对来说还是比较简单的 。

k8s官网文档

https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/

阿里 k8s 更换镜像文档

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.64be1b11iddYWH

Docker hub 地址

https://hub.docker.com/r/k8simage/

Docker 安装地址

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

flannel.yml 文件

---apiVersion: policy/v1beta1kind: PodSecurityPolicymetadata:  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged  annotations:    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/defaultspec:  privileged: false  volumes:  - configMap  - secret  - emptyDir  - hostPath  allowedHostPaths:  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false  # Users and groups  runAsUser:    rule: RunAsAny  supplementalGroups:    rule: RunAsAny  fsGroup:    rule: RunAsAny  # Privilege Escalation  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false  # Capabilities  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']  defaultAddCapabilities: []  requiredDropCapabilities: []  # Host namespaces  hostPID: false  hostIPC: false  hostNetwork: true  hostPorts:  - min: 0    max: 65535  # SELinux  seLinux:    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP    rule: 'RunAsAny'---kind: ClusterRoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata:  name: flannelrules:- apiGroups: ['extensions']  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']  verbs: ['use']  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']- apiGroups:  - ""  resources:  - pods  verbs:  - get- apiGroups:  - ""  resources:  - nodes  verbs:  - list  - watch- apiGroups:  - ""  resources:  - nodes/status  verbs:  - patch---kind: ClusterRoleBindingapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata:  name: flannelroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: ClusterRole  name: flannelsubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount  name: flannel  namespace: kube-system---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata:  name: flannel  namespace: kube-system---kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata:  name: kube-flannel-cfg  namespace: kube-system  labels:    tier: node    app: flanneldata:  cni-conf.json: |    {      "name": "cbr0",      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",      "plugins": [        {          "type": "flannel",          "delegate": {            "hairpinMode": true,            "isDefaultGateway": true          }        },        {          "type": "portmap",          "capabilities": {            "portMappings": true          }        }      ]    }  net-conf.json: |    {      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",      "Backend": {        "Type": "vxlan"      }    }---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: DaemonSetmetadata:  name: kube-flannel-ds  namespace: kube-system  labels:    tier: node    app: flannelspec:  selector:    matchLabels:      app: flannel  template:    metadata:      labels:        tier: node        app: flannel    spec:      affinity:        nodeAffinity:          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:            nodeSelectorTerms:            - matchExpressions:              - key: kubernetes.io/os                operator: In                values:                - linux      hostNetwork: true      priorityClassName: system-node-critical      tolerations:      - operator: Exists        effect: NoSchedule      serviceAccountName: flannel      initContainers:      - name: install-cni-plugin       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1        command:        - cp        args:        - -f        - /flannel        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel        volumeMounts:        - name: cni-plugin          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin      - name: install-cni       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.17.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0        command:        - cp        args:        - -f        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist        volumeMounts:        - name: cni          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d        - name: flannel-cfg          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/      containers:      - name: kube-flannel       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.17.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0        command:        - /opt/bin/flanneld        args:        #- --iface=enp0s8 # 需要指定网卡,否则可能会导致问题        - --ip-masq        - --kube-subnet-mgr        resources:          requests:            cpu: "100m"            memory: "50Mi"          limits:            cpu: "100m"            memory: "50Mi"        securityContext:          privileged: false          capabilities:            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]        env:        - name: POD_NAME          valueFrom:            fieldRef:              fieldPath: metadata.name        - name: POD_NAMESPACE          valueFrom:            fieldRef:              fieldPath: metadata.namespace        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH          value: "5000"        volumeMounts:        - name: run          mountPath: /run/flannel        - name: flannel-cfg          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/        - name: xtables-lock          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock      volumes:      - name: run        hostPath:          path: /run/flannel      - name: cni-plugin        hostPath:          path: /opt/cni/bin      - name: cni        hostPath:          path: /etc/cni/net.d      - name: flannel-cfg        configMap:          name: kube-flannel-cfg      - name: xtables-lock        hostPath:          path: /run/xtables.lock          type: FileOrCreate

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